Here is a list of possible solutions.
Note: The first solution works 9 out of 10 times.

Edit > Preferences > 3D & Multimedia > Uncheck “Enable hardware rendering for legacy video cards”

Edit > Preferences > General > Uncheck “Enable protected mode at startup”

Edit > Preferences > Internet > Uncheck “Allow speculative downloading in the background”

Edit > Preferences > Security (Enhanced) > Uncheck “Enable enhanced security”

If none of these work, then start acrobat in safe mode by typing acrobat/safe at the run prompt in Windows or by holding down the shift key. If everything works fine, then you can be pretty sure that a plugin is causing the problem.

To resolve:

Browse to the Acrobat plug-ins folder <C:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Acrobat 11.0\Acrobat\plug_ins> (Note, your path may be different)

Copy all the content to a separate folder (on the c: drive or your desktop, etc.). Acrobat will work fine without these plugins, but you definitely need some of them such as Search.api. Once the folder is empty, you can add the plugins back, one by one, and test acrobat after each addition. This will help you identify the plugin associated with the issue.